Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation

– Apical limit of instrumental treatment and obturation of the root canal: nomenclature

– Apical constriction: definition

– Histological and histobacteriological conditions of the root canal

– Apical patency and the concept of working length

– Prevention of sawdust accumulation

– Manipulations in the area of the radiographic apex: consequences

– Microbial biofilm: localization

– Biological healing: histological aspects

– Pulp degeneration: progression of the process

– Mineralized dental deposits of endodontic origin

– Working with the apexlocator: clinical examples

– The role of silers based on calcium silicate

– Root canal treatment and irrigation: clinical recommendations.