The New 3rd Generation Apex Locator in Endodontics

– Understanding root canal anatomy and its possible variations
– Critical role of accurate working length determination.
 

– Overview of traditional working length determination methods:
 

- Tactile sensitivity,
- Radiographic examination;

– Introduction to 3rd generation electronic apex locators
– Advantages of combining multiple working length determination methods
– How 3rd generation apex locators work?
– Interpretation of readings
– Literature review and comparison of different methods: advantages and limitations.